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Nanostructured materials can be designed with sophisticated features to fulfill the complex requirements of advanced material applications. This talk describes the synthesis of metallic, metal oxide and semiconducting nanocrystals of controlled size, morphology and architecture. The nanocrystalline building blocks are used to create multifunctional systems with excellent dispersion and unique properties. Nanoporous materials of metal oxide and organic backbone have also been synthesized with high surface areas and well-defined porosities. The nanostructured materials are successfully tailored towards catalysis and pharmaceuticals synthesis, biomass conversion, greenhouse gas sequestration and utilization, fuel cells and batteries.